Background

This fact sheet has been written as a partnership between the Victorian Cancer Registry in Cancer Council Victoria and Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisation (VACCHO). Together, Cancer Council and VACCHO are working within a framework of self-determination, such that the Aboriginal community leads the development and implementation of services and programs that are culturally safe to improve the cancer outcomes for Aboriginal people living in Victoria.

Throughout this fact sheet we use the term Aboriginal Victorians to include people of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander descent. We acknowledge Traditional Owners of Country throughout Australia and recognise the continuing connection to lands, waters and communities. We pay our respect to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures; and to Elders past, present and future.

In this report we detail cancer incidence, mortality and survival of Aboriginal Victorians. Cancer data has been displayed in five-year periods to account for relatively low annual rates, particularly when data are being broken down into smaller units of measurement such as by age groups and cancer types. As a result of these relatively small numbers, random fluctuations are to be expected across time periods. Comparisons across time periods should be made with due consideration because of the effects of small numbers and it is unknown if changes across time are due to true changes or improved self-reporting.

How common is cancer in Aboriginal Victorians?

Over the five-year period 2018 to 2022, 1649 Aboriginal Victorians were diagnosed with cancer. Of these, there were 874 Aboriginal males and 775 Aboriginal females, representing 0.9% and 0.9% of total Victorian cancer diagnoses for males and females, respectively.

The median age at diagnosis of cancer in Aboriginal Victorians was 63 years in Aboriginal males and 61 in Aboriginal females.

Most common cancers diagnosed among Aboriginal Victorians

Figure 1 shows the age-specific cancer incidence rate per 100,000 for Aboriginal males and females.
Figure 2 shows the distribution of cancers across Aboriginal males and females for the period 2018 to 2022.

The most commonly reported cancer diagnosed among Aboriginal males between 2018 to 2022 was prostate cancer with an average yearly age-standardised incidence rate of 186 per 100,000 males. There were 172 new cases of prostate cancer diagnosed in the past five years.

The most commonly reported cancer diagnosed among Aboriginal females between 2018 to 2022 was breast cancer with an average yearly age-standardised incidence rate of 154 per 100,000 females. There were 169 new cases of breast cancer diagnosed in the past five years.

Cancer mortality among Aboriginal Victorians

Figure 3 shows the age-specific cancer mortality rate per 100,000 for Aboriginal males and females over the five year period 2018 to 2022.
Figure 4 shows the distribution of cancer deaths for major tumour groups across Aboriginal males and females for the period 2018 to 2022.

There were 347 deaths among Aboriginal males and 297 among Aboriginal females between 2018 to 2022.

The cancer with the highest mortality rate among Aboriginal males between 2018 to 2022 was lung with an age-standardised mortality rate of 103 per 100,000 males. There were 90 deaths from lung cancer in the past five years.

The cancer with the highest mortality among Aboriginal females between 2018 to 2022 was lung with an age-standardised mortality rate of 96 per 100,000 females. There were 88 deaths from lung cancer in the past five years.

Trends in cancer incidence and mortality

Figure 5 shows overall trend in cancer incidence and mortality in five-year time periods since 2011 for Aboriginal Victorians compared with non-Aboriginal Victorians.


The gap between Aboriginal Victorians and non-Aboriginal Victorians in cancer incidence has increased from 61.6% to 63.9% and in cancer mortality has increased from 103.1% to 185.2% over the past 10 years.

Five-year relative survival for Aboriginal Victorians

Addressing the gaps for Aboriginal Victorians

VACCHO is working with Aboriginal Victorians who have a lived cancer experience, their families, health professionals, Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisations, the Victorian Department of Health and the cancer care system to implement the Victorian Aboriginal Cancer Journey Strategy (launched in May 2023), aimed at improving cultural safety in the cancer care system to improve the Aboriginal cancer care outcomes.

This webpage was last updated in June 2025